The function of a cooling tower is to take away heat from process fluids. A typical application is cooling the recent condenser water in a cooling tower, the place it’s distributed onto fill surfaces and uncovered to air movement to facilitate evaporation and removal of heat from the water. The cooled condenser water is returned to the chiller to take away heat again from the refrigerant. In a counter move cooling tower high quality water droplets are sprayed on mechanically induced upward moving air. The general cooling effect can be improved by increasing the top of the tower, which will increase the gap of water fall and maximize the full time of contact between air and water and thereby improve the variety of equilibrium levels of mass transfer and heat transfer inside the cooling tower. Nevertheless, one can only use this principle to a restricted extent because of structural and economic limitations. Fills play important role to extend the surface space of water exposed to air and thus promote efficient contact between water and air and maximize water evaporation.
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Heat transfer and Mass switch fundamentals
In a cooling tower each Heat switch and Mass transfer proceed together. When air with sure humidity [ not saturated with water or with humidity 100] comes in touch with water , there’s a mass switch of water vapor from water to air and this course of goes on until air is totally saturated with water vapor. The relative humidity of the incoming air which indicates how moist the air is decides how a lot water vapor air can settle for from water depending on the space the air has to take water vapor till it turns into saturated or its RH reaches one hundred%. At RH=one hundred%, air has no more capacity to take any water. Relative humidity is the quantity of moisture in the air compared to what the air can “hold” at that temperature. When the air can’t “hold” all of the moisture, then it condenses as dew. RH depends upon the ambient temperature or the dry bulb temperature of air. Subsequently, briefly, the key to understanding relative humidity is to grasp that it’s a measure of the 鈥榓ctual humidity relative to the utmost attainable humidity at a given temperature.
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RH % =[Moisture within the air / Maximum doable moisture air can hold at the present temperature] x100
As unsaturated air stream mixes with water stream air pulls water vapor from water to achieve its moisture equilibrium with water and this triggers the mass transfer of water vapor from water to air. This needs heat to vaporize water. The air and water mixture releases latent heat of vaporization which has a cooling effect on water by changing a specific amount of liquid into its gaseous state thereby releasing the latent heat of vaporization. That is what is known as evaporative cooling There can also be wise heat transfer between water and air in the cooling tower. When water is warmer than the air, air cools the water. As air gets hotter as it rises through the cooling tower and features the smart heat of the water and the water is cooled as its wise heat is transferred to the air. Since the particular heat of air is small in comparison with water the impact of quantity of heat gain or loss by air on its temperature is smaller than water beneath identical condition.
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